John Locke An English Philosopher - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 729 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: John Locke Essay Did you like this example? John Locke was an English philosopher from the 17th century he was born August 29 , 1632 and passed away on October 28 , 1704. During his time he accomplished many things one of them was becoming the leader of a political group known as the Whigs. Besides that Locke had a good education which would later help him on. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John Locke: An English Philosopher" essay for you Create order He studied from 1652 to 1667 he centralized himself into logic and metaphysics. Locke played a huge role in theology , economics , and education he was the one who introduced us to schools. Two of his main philosophies that are still used today in day are Separation of Power and the Empirical Theory of Knowledge.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Have you ever wonder why theres three branches of power in our government ? Separation of Power is the reason that was introduced by Locke. This philosophy brought the idea that if you split power into three separate chambers with their own duty and importance society will work better. Not only would society work better but neither of the compartments will gain more power than the other and they will keep an eye on each other so none of them would break the rules. Not only this but they have the ability to help each other out. As a result of the separation of power we got introduced to The Legislative , Judicial , and Executive branch. These branches help our government have a better function and so things can urn faster and better. Each branch has its own obligation and power so it is not fought for. This philosophy is not only applied to the government but it can even be applied to school. For example , student council power is divided. They have a president a vice president and a secretary power is broken down into three people so they can function better and help each other out.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we are born our brains are a white room with nothing no ideas no knowledge nothing. People slowly put things inside the in other words that they fill up your mind with ideas. This philosophy is called an Empirical Theory of Knowledge. The ideas that are placed into our brains come from what people tell you and the amount of things you have participated. This idea was opened up by Locke he said that you only have an opinion on something based on what people tell you or what you have experienced in life. But since you cant experience everything you make a bias based on what others have told you , knowledge is composed from ideas other have brought to you. We dont always get the point of what people express to us but applying our five sense to it gives us the chance to feel a stronger bond with the idea. This philosophy contribute to the theology that what is right to me can be wrong to you.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An Empirical Theory of Knowledge is used today in American Society an example would be presidents. Donald Trump is a person that many people have strong bias about. Some people might tell you that he is a great person and that he does the best for his people and protects them as he is supposed to do. But theres is people who will disagree with that and tell you that all he does is harm people who have done nothing to him. This is an example of whats wrong to you can be right to me people have made their opinions about Trump based on what they have heard and seen. Their idea about him was build up based on things they read or watched on television. To demonstrate another point Ive been to Mexico I can tell you that it is so much fun and that you can do many things and there is freedom. But someone has has not gone can tell you that it is a dangerous place because of all the drug dealing that happens and kidnapping so they would think im lying about the freedom. They will take into con sideration what I told them and make their idea about Mexico.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All of these ethics were disposed by John Locke without him Separation of power would not exist nor the Theory of Knowledge. Power would probably just be given to one person and everything would turn into chaos and it would make it harder for the society to run in a superior manner.

The acceptance of “abnormal” sexualities Essay - 1299 Words

The acceptance of â€Å"abnormal† sexualities has been a prolonged, controversial battle. The segregation is excruciating and the prejudice remarks are so spiteful that some people never truly recover. Homosexuals have been left suffering for ages. Life, for most homosexuals during the first half of the twentieth century, was mostly one of hiding: having to constantly hide their true feelings and tastes. Instead of restaurants and movies, they had to sit quiet in the dark and meet each other in concealed places such as bars. Homosexuals were those with â€Å"mental and psychic abnormalities† and were the victim of medical prejudice, police harassment, and church condemnation (Jagose 24). The minuscule mention or assumption of one’s homosexuality†¦show more content†¦The Mattachine Society was with time viewed as traditional, conservative, and reluctant to literally fight for the rights of their people. Many were appalled that the society dissociated them selves from those who received notions of gender propriety, such as drag queens. They also still thought of homosexuals as abnormal, but they felt they deserved pity rather then persecution (Jagose 27). While denying any social dimension to the group, the Mattachine Society attempted to transform public attitudes towards homosexuals through circulating information in magazines, newsletters, and broadsheets (Jagose 27). This group was generally considered politically cautious, more so after comparing them with LGBT movements that both preceded and followed them. Though the Mattachine society and their conservative ways seemed to have limited achievements, in reality their political strategies paved the way for recent groups. While â€Å"homosexual† politics were thought to be outrageous and full of public hostility, the societies â€Å"homophile† politics were thought to be more dignified, honorable, and respectable. They petitioned governments, published and distribute d political newsletters and pamphlets, and were the first to conduct large-scale statistical inquiries into homosexual behavior (Jagose 29). Many believe now that the Mattachine Society, along with other small organizations, led the way to the gay rights movement.Show MoreRelatedChanging Perpectives of Homosexuality in India1351 Words   |  6 Pagesintercourse between persons of the same sex by amending section 377 of the Indian Penal Code60 to exclude these acts. The underlying principle was that of inclusivity and inconclusive proof as to the harm that might arise from accepting this alternate sexuality. This paper, thus explores two research questions: 1) To retrace the events leading up to the judgment to understand the movement which is in itself, a reflection of the changing perception of society towards homosexuals, 2) To gauge the immediateRead MoreMonsters = Homosexual. 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Women are more readily to accept the gay culture with few bias restrictions. These restrictions are pit against morality and their children’s future. Here is how Empire uses the characters to reiterate this concept. Jamal Lyon, LuciousRead MoreAdvertising: Sex Sells Essay examples1365 Words   |  6 PagesCompanies use many different methods to convince the public to spend money on their products with most of their advertising focused around the idea of â€Å"sex sells†. This idea promotes a hunger in the consumer for gaining personal pleasure or acceptance of sexuality by the eye catching effects of publicly baring flesh. These ideas are promoted through TV commercials, billboards, magazines, radio ads, or any type of media targeted at the mass majority of people. 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Homosexuality is generally defined as a sexual relationship between partners of the same sex. Debate concerning its causes and consequences has been going on for many centuries and almost in every period in human history. However, never before in human history has it been granted such wide scale acceptance in western society as it hasRead MoreSexuality And Gender : Social Constructs Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality and Gender are social constructs. They are more like fluid concepts. Both are on spectrums. Why could they be considered controversial topics, more specifically the spectrum? Well, the idea of sexuality being more than just heterosexuality has been challenged by conservative types and others alike for years. They may even deem anything other than heterosexuality as something abnormal and immoral. For some, it can be quite difficult to under stand that sexuality is on a spectrum. Especially

The True Meaning of Success Essay Example For Students

The True Meaning of Success Essay Success means many things to different people. For some, its the amount of money or material things they have acquired, and for others, the happiness of family, friends, a church community, and good health. You first need to know what success means to you, before you can have a plan at achieving that success. Achievement is not being in what others consider to be the most prestigious position; the personal obstacles you overcome measure Success. Whether it is poverty, disability, overcoming adversity, or racial discrimination, success is personal progress. Booker T. Washington thought that by approaching things differently in a more passive manner, the African American would have more success in achieving the end result of equality in jobs, education, and basic rights. He asked black Americans to give up three things: political power, insistence on civil rights and demanding higher education for Negro youth. He strived to make the Negro a businessman and business owner. He insisted on self-respect, but counseled on silent submission to civic inferiority to achieve the final goal. I am in agreement for peacefully working toward equality, and what an individual defines as success. However, I have a hard time feeling like one should be willing to give up basic rights, even temporarily for the greater result. Modern day slaves are an example of how little some things have changed, and how different types of injustices plague America. The Hispanic people, like the African Americans, have endured much discrimination. They are another example of a race that has worked as domestic help and laborers for little money, and in very inferior conditions. Flor Molina is a woman from Mexico who was lured to the states, with promises of a better life for her children. Instead she became a slave for a factory owner. She worked long hours, and subjected to physical abuse. She escaped one day and contacted the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking. Even in 2013 people in desperate need of money to care for their families, fall into the hands of those abusing them to produce much work, for very little pay and no health benefits. Human trafficking is another example of how people are exploited for money. There are numerous stories of young women in search of jobs to help their family financially, that are taken advantage of by those hoping to get rich by selling them or having them work as prostitutes. These young girls view success as food, shelter, and safety for their families, but instead get humiliation, physical, mental and sexual abuse. Success in my family has been the accomplishment of a generation of all aunts and uncles with either a bachelors degree or masters degree. Cousins have graduated from higher learning institutions’ such as UT Austin and Texas AM University. The professionals in the family now include family nurse practitioners, engineers, computer science majors, and many more. Success for me is measured in the many sacrifices made by generations before me, such as my grandma who worked as a maid to provide her children an education in America. This opportunity allowed their children, and now me an opportunity at success and happiness, which is measured by the comfort of a home, food, clothing and family. Booker T. Washington claimed he wanted equality for the black, but did not fight for the rights the 14 amendment provided. He stated African Americans should accept social segregation as long as the white man allowed them economic progress, educational opportunities, and justice in the courts. Is it success to attain partial acceptance as an equal? I cannot agree with this. W. E. B. Du Bois was angered at Mr. Washington’s belief that blacks were only suited for vocational training. As a young woman my mother experienced this kind of discrimination. .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .postImageUrl , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:hover , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:visited , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:active { border:0!important; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:active , .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2d27669770dde1a134a0366235aec98d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Health Maintenance Organizations EssayShe spoke to her high school counselor about her desire to pursue a nursing career. The counselor proceeded to encourage her to maybe try and be a nurse aide or LVN, instead of on an RN. Despite her ranking in the top five percent of her class, she was not encouraged to pursue the highest degree possible. Was race the reason? That is why it was the hard work, as maids, gardeners, field hands and laborers that my ancestors endured that define true success for me. I come from a family of honest, hardworking people that strive and meet goals. Few of them have a three-figure salary, but some do. It is the family’s integrity and hard work that the community knows, and that defines the Leal and the Garcia families a success. We do not settle for mediocrity. My mom chose to pursue her master’s degree and show people she was smart enough. Had she allowed someone’s lack of confidence in her to limit her goals, she would not be a professional today. Therefore, the maids, the gardeners, the field workers and laborers in my family are the success stories that encourage me to work hard and not settle for less.

What Is Theater And What Does It Consist Of Essay Example

What Is Theater And What Does It Consist Of Essay What is theater and what does it consist of? A theater is a building, a structure, or a space in which dramatic performances take place. In its broadest sense theater can be defined as including everything connected with dramatic art- the play itself, the stage with its scenery and lighting, makeup, costumes, acting, and actors. Theaters have changed over the years. The most memorable began with medieval theaters, then on to Renaissance Theaters, and later on Twentieth Century Theaters. Medieval theaters brought forth, miracle plays, which were performed in church. These stories usually come from the Bible. In the beginning, they were acted out by priests. The plays were presented in the church to create a closer setting between the audience and the performers. Later the plays were moved into the street, where the audience could stand and watch the performance. These plays took place on platforms, either in front of the audience or between them. Platforms were often complexes in their decoration and stage machinery. As the plays moved to the streets, acting was moved from priesthood to amateurs of the guild or professional players. Renaissance theaters in Italy were attempted to be made on Roman models. The development of theaters from that was not dominant until the twentieth century. In England and Spain, theories of theater construction were less tied to classical examples than in Italy. The Spanish theater developed in the corral or courtyard of various large buildings, where plays were originally performed, while the inn-yard served as a similar model in England. These theaters offered a higher flexibility of movement than did the Italian. Later on English audiences became astonishingly aristocratic, a tendency that went on into the Restoration Period. Twentieth Century theaters were smaller and more independent. They were also prevalent in the early twentieth century as in the Provincetown Players in the United S

Votes For Sale Essay Example For Students

Votes For Sale Essay Word Count: 862 According to the Associated Press, lobbyist donated 633 million dollars to government representatives in the first half of 1999. A lobbyists job is to pass money to representatives for a vote in their favor of a bill. Up to $5000 may be given to any one congressman by a lobbyist thru Political Action Committees (PACs). Farmers, laborers, gun control activists, abortion opponents, and teachers are just a few of the numerous groups who form these committees in the United States. These interest groups employ a lobbyist to offer a cash donation on their behalf. The legislative branch of the United States government was designed to represent citizens of this nation. We will write a custom essay on Votes For Sale specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Congressional members are supposed to be the representatives of people in their district or state. Laws are supposed to be passed in the publics best interest. PACs attempt to influence the passing of laws through lobbyists. Lobbyists degrade democracy, encourage improper policymaking, and likely provoke political corruption. The most obvious downfall to lobbying is that representatives would be encouraged to vote for money; causing a degradation of democracy. In other words, if a pro-life group paid a representative to vote against legalizing abortion the money would influence the representatives vote. Whether or not a bill is passed becomes an issue of who is willing and able to pay more for it. Congressmen would look to vote for bills that would get them the most money from the PACs. Even though $5,000 is the maximum donation a lobbyists can give to one particular politician; lobbyists donate to several. This can give them the upper hand in a majority decision. Lobbyists believe they are representing the people and getting bills passed that the people want, thus promoting the citizens role in the government.The problem with this view is that the money is getting more representation than the people are. The group that has the most money and buys the most votes will get more bills passed in their favor, regardless if they are the majority or not. This takes away from the democratic process; not allowing all the peoples votes to count. A representative should vote for those who elected him not those who pay him the most. When a representatives vote is influenced by money the fundamentals of democracy are defeated. Secondly, representatives benefit directly from lobbyists donations. Therefore, representatives will use improper policymaking to assure a lobbyists cause is ratified. For instance, if a gun control activist donates to a state representative with the intent to make purchasing handguns easier, then that representative will exercise his political power of policymaking to assure it takes place. Supporters of lobbyists justify their action by pointing out the fact that all donations are recorded. However, reports show there are a number of gifts and donations that go unreported. Supporters of lobbyist attempt to use the lobbying disclosure law to defend this practice. The law requires all donations be publicly documented. This is simply used to cover the backs of congressmen, making it appear that they are in favor of strict monitoring of money and gifts received from lobbyists. Newt Gingrich went as far to say that anything is fine so long as everything is documented, thus giving much leeway to lobbyists. Finally, relinquishing a money donation is not something a representative would do. Hes going to take the money and vote in favor of a particular lobbyist in order to keep getting money from him in the future, thus lobbyists encourage political corruption. The view taken by supporters of lobbyists is that donations do not finalize the vote of the representative. The representative still maintains the choice to vote for or against a lobbyist that has made a donation. Realistically, if a representative votes against a donating lobbyist he would be giving up the chance to continue receiving money from that particular lobbyist.This betrayal might cause other lobbyists to avoid that representative knowing he might take the money and not vote in their favor. Giving up potential money in donations is not something that a representative would seriously consider. .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .postImageUrl , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:visited , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:active { border:0!important; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:active , .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c248025f3b8b1cf93db361d38f4631d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World Hunger Essay Therefore, the money will cause corruption on the part of the representative. Those who have the most money

Dos and Donts of Giving a Presentation

Dos and Donts of Giving a Presentation Most college students, at one point or another in their academic career, will be required to give a presentation or speech in a class for a grade. Some may be required to pass a Speech course for their major, but most will surely be required to give a presentation in a number of classes. While it is not a science by any means, giving a presentation or a speech can be a lot of fun. It is a skill an individual will have and develop over the course of their lives, one that will earn them jobs, a good salary – because they will be able to master the art of verbal communication. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION   Ã‚  Prepare and Visualize a Successful Speech or Presentation It has been noted that some of the world’s greatest athletes have the same mental habit for when they compete: in their minds, they literally visualize a victory – from start to finish. They prepare themselves mentally for what they are about to do. The same principle can be applied to giving a speech, whether in the real world or in the classroom. The speaker, long before they are to give the speech, can visualize having a successful outcome and delivering a fantastic speech. But having great success at something also comes from the work, which is done before this positive visualization approach is to occur. A speech or presentation should first of all be well researched; it should illustrate an argument or theme, and first be written out in the form of an essay.   Ã‚  Be Presentable Looking the part is half the battle. When people are bathed and well dressed, when people look their best, they most times will exude confidence – which is often the most crucial tool of success when talking in front of a large room.   Ã‚  Remember to Breathe and Take a Few Seconds to Gather a Thought Breathing during a speech not only breaks the monotony of a speech, it also relaxes the speaker and helps them concentrate. What’s more important: It’s the speaker’s floor – if they want to take a few seconds to gather their thoughts, no one will interrupt them. A few seconds will seem an eternity. But only to the speaker. Take advantage of breathing.   Ã‚  Be Confident – But Not Arrogant – and Smile Often Speaking in front of people is part of life. A student required to give one in college may as well just accept this inevitable fact. With that said, they may as well also embrace the art and skill of giving a good speech and learn how to excel at it. Once again, having a confident, optimistic attitude is half the battle. The other half is a combination of preparation and showing up. And smile. It relaxes the room and the speaker.   Ã‚  Make Brief Eye Contact With Audience It’s a speech to one’s peers. Not a case of a judge. This assignment is an exercise in communication. Learn the seemingly simple yet very complex art of communicating now. One’s career will thank them in 10, 20 years from now. Learn now that people are what matters. Individualize people. It makes them feel special, which means they will then listen to the speaker’s speech and become engaged.   Ã‚  Be Loud Enough So That the Entire Room Can Hear the Speech Don’t shout to the audience – but don’t be a mouse, either. Learn to get people’s attention without making them feel physically uncomfortable.   Ã‚  Say â€Å"Like,† â€Å"Uh† and â€Å"Um† minimally. Pause Instead This is the difference in sounding intelligent and sounding like an ignoramus. Honestly. Start being cognizant of saying this now in college. By the end of one’s college career, they may even have rid themselves of these words altogether.   Ã‚  Improvise The point of the speech or presentation is being entertaining and engaging to an audience. Don’t be afraid to go off script. Just remember that most assignments have a time limit and students are often judged on making a case for something. But, nonetheless, focus on giving a presentation.   Ã‚  Tell An Anecdote or Ask a Question Starting a speech with a question for the audience or with a personal anecdote is often all a speaker needs to grab their audience’s attention. Though keeping it is a completely different story and challenge altogether.   Ã‚  Avoid Being Dull and Lifeless Whatever topic the student giving the speech or presentation is expounding on, it should generally be one they are interested or even quite passionate about. When they breathe their own excitement into a subject, it will generally feed into the audience’s curiosity and excitement as well.   Apologize for a Mistake – Don’t Apologize for Anything, It’s the Speaker’s Floor Really, when giving a speech, remember there is no other speaker talking at that time. It is their time to do as they wish; it is their time to be evaluated. They should make the most of it and treat it as their time to fulfill their objective – and no one else’s.   Ã‚  Read ONLY From Notes. Instead of Talking to the Audience Don’t read just from notes or notecards. Those are just to prompt thought. Get used to going off a single thought and expounding on it naturally. That is the skill of public speaking.    Stand Still Move around, be a person. Be interesting. Don’t put the audience to sleep. Have some energy. Bounce around the room to get their attention. That’s all that matters: holding the audience’s attention.   Ã‚  Mumble. Instead, Speak Clearly and Slowly If Needed If the audience has to strain to understand their speaker, they would rather just lose interest and think of something else. When they have no choice but to hear their speaker, because the speaker is eloquent and projects their voice when talking, they will listen and become engaged and most times will find their speaking’s message quite interesting or insightful or inspiring in some way or another.    Be Too Serious This is a speech or presentation assignment in college. It’s for a grade. It’s not a plea to the UN. Have a little perspective and try to enjoy the assignment. Make it fun even. But don’t make it more serious than it is. It’s an assignment. Get it done and go on.    Touch Hair and Face It is not only distracting, but it tells the audience the speaker is self-conscious and nervous and quite possibly a bore.    Lose Focus of the Main Objective: to Pass the Class and Graduate What matters is getting that degree. Whatever it takes to get that degree. Even if speaking in front of others isn’t one’s cup of tea, focusing on the long-term goal of graduation is enough to get through it.    Forget to Communicate With Body Language to a Make Point Stronger A voice isn’t the speaker’s only tool when talking to a room full of people. Their body language – their posture, their arms, their gait, their eye and face gestures – can also reinforce a thought or an emotion, in turn really emphasizing something to the audience.

Researching politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Researching politics - Essay Example At the same time there lies one problem with this definition of informal sense because all decisions made are deliberative and consistent in nature and therefore it becomes difficult to distinguish between the rational and the irrational. Taking cue from this we can say that everything comes under the definition of informal choice. (Grundmann et al, 2001, p. 106) The second sense in which the professions use the rational choice theory is more formal in nature. This definition of the rational choice theory says that consumers have transitive choices and they try to maximize their utility from the set of preferences they have. The consumers in fact try to maximize their benefits from the choices in spite of the various constraints which they face while making their choices. Some of the economists find the formal sense of the theory so very obvious that they believe that it can have no limitation.   The critics of the formal definition of the theory on the other hand say that even the formal one is tautological in nature like the informal definition. They have tried to say that there is almost no behavior that does not seek to maximize the utility through their choices. The second criticism about the informal sense says that one can show some inconsistencies or puzzles in the notion of transitive preferences. (Grundmann et al, 2001, p. 106-10 7) Researchers have said that the rational choice theory is very helpful in formulating hypothesis regarding market behavior. They have given five reasons as to why the rational choice theory is of much use. First of all it is seen that the theory allows the economists to make predictions about economic behavior and those predictions are mostly based on the empirical evidence. For instance the rational scenario predicts that the when the wage rate increases all the other factors remaining constant the supply of labor increases. (Grundmann et al, 2001, p. 107) Secondly the

Flex Time Initiative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Flex Time Initiative - Assignment Example Some professions like doctors and lawyers spend a lot of their time in their work and sometimes their social life or marriage life might be interfered. Looking from both angles, one is required to perform at both places, and failure to do so always leads to great repercussions. A person who concentrates more in his or her workplace than his or her home, sometimes have familial issue. A person who concentrates more on his family than on his or her job often have job problem. Hence finding a way to balance between the two components is vital in maintaining these two places in harmony (Ralston, 2006). In modern life, it is quite challenging to achieve a balanced professional and personal life. Times are really changing and people are trying to squeeze time to do other stuffs (Ralston, 2006). Some people do have passions they would like to achieve, studies they would like to pursue, secret affairs they would like to establish, management between personal life and work life can be essenti al. A person who draws a line between these two places and manages them well is a happy person since he or she is able to experience the thrill of all places at the right time and place. One way of one achieving such balance between work life and personal life is by achieving flexibility. This is a concept where one plans on how to be flexible between the two areas. One way one can accomplish this in busy situation is by job sharing. Flexibility is usually an added advantage to a person in terms of establishing a balance between job life and personal life. A person whose work is more involving till he does not get time to go home, can arrange with his or her co worker to carry some of his or her on agreed dates. One would also do the same for them in other times (Shallenbarger, 2010). Flex time, a concept that implies having flexible work arrangements can also be beneficial to some people in balancing between person al life and job work. Flex time could be represented by letting wor kers work where they would want to work. This practice is becoming more popular in many institutions like the legal departments and law firms (Ralston, 2006). This flex time initiative, also allows workers who work full-time to enjoy some time off at certain times of the year. The notion of flex time could include hours, workdays, weekends, holidays and other work arrangements. In this case, one is given some time outside the normal work place to straighten to establish a rapport with his or her personal life. In some jobs, people tend to work until they lose their head, but with flex times, at least one is relieved of his or her duties on some days. By so doing, flex time helps workers meet the demands of their personal lives (Ralston, 2006). As an initiative established in high risk or involving jobs, flex time is an initiative that relieves someone of work stress and increasing productivity by establishing a balance between personal life and work place. According to studies carri ed out on the relationship between working at work place and personal life, researchers found out that the two are related. When a person has work problems, he or she has a tendency of extending it into his or her personal life, the same when he or she has a problem in his or her personal life. Hence maintaining a balance between the two aspects is healthy in providing a good working environment (Lee, 2010). Another flex time initiat

Media Effects on School Shooting Victims Essay Example for Free

Media Effects on School Shooting Victims Essay The participants of this study were students of Jokela High School, the school which experienced the shooting, and a control group of students from Pirkkala High school, which had not experienced a shooting. Jokela High School, at the time, had 474 students enrolled. All 474 of these students were asked to partake in the study. Participation in this study was voluntary and of the 474 students, 231 accepted the invitation to participate in the study, 180 students declined, 34 students could not be reached and 29 students consented to participate but never did. 526 students agreed to participate in the study from the control group school, Pirkkala High School. The participants were a mixture of both male and female students ranging from ages 13 to 19 years of age. Large portions of the families of the students from Pirkkala belong to the upper middle-class compared to Jokela, but there were no major differences in sociocultural background or crime rate between the two communities. The data in this study was collected by dispensing a questionnaire in a school setting in March of 2008. If a student was absent from school the questionnaire was mailed home along with the consent forms. The questionnaire started out asking basic background questions, such as socioeconomic status, living arrangements, previous psychological support or exposure to shootings. Next, students were asked to take a 36-item General Health Questionnaire to measure psychological and psychosocial symptoms. Students were also asked to complete The Impact of Event Scale to map symptoms into two categories, Intrusion and Avoidance. Students were then asked to rate their exposure to the shooter as either no exposure (control students), mild, moderate, significant, severe, and extreme. Each of these categories had descriptions to help the student choose the right option that applied to them. Lastly, students were asked questions about the media’s interactions with them. They were asked if the media interacted with them after the shooting, if they cooperated with the media, if the questions had an effect on their feelings after the shooting, and how the reporter approached them. Then they were asked if they followed the news coverage on the event over the next couple days and what type of effect the coverage had on their feelings.

Stakeholder Analysis of Wal-Mart

Stakeholder Analysis of Wal-Mart A long-range strategic planning is so important to an organization because if you fail to plan, change in your business can be tough to handle and ultimately you are planning to fail. Strategic planning is one of the only ways a top management team can plan for economic, demographic, competitive, technological, and regulatory changes that affect the way your organization operates. The firm must engage in strategic planning that clearly defines objectives and assesses both the internal and external situation to formulate strategy, implement the strategy, evaluate the progress, and make adjustments as necessary to stay on track. TASK 1.A: IDENTIFY AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE WHICH YOU WILL DISCUSS AS AN EXAMPLE IN THIS ASSIGNMENT AND GIVE YOUR REASONS FOR CHOOSING THIS ORGANIZATION. Wal-Mart will be taken as the organization of my choice to discuss through the various aspects of this assignment. Wal-Mart is the leader in retailing industry with fiscal revenue of $244.52 billion in 2003 making it the worlds largest corporation. Mike reports that Wal-Mart as of 2002 had 1,283,000 employees growing at 11.2%. The above data explains that strategy of Wal-Mart is extraordinary which manages and operates over 4150 retail facilities globally. The key components of Wal-Mart (The Value Chain), which offers cheap prices than its competitors includes firm infrastructure like frugal culture, no regional offices and pleasant environment to work. Managements take lots of visits and it is learnt there are no rehearsals before any meeting which is usually scheduled on every Saturday. In any organization, human resource is the key to development and Wal-Mart efficiently manages its sources. Wal-Mart terms its employees as associates. Manager compensation is linked to the profit of store operated by him, within promotions, compensation offered to associates depending on companys profits and al so offered some incentives on their performances. The workforce at Wal-Mart is not unionized as the company takes all the measures of their benefits and provides them training on related issues. Technology plays a vital role in development of the organization and Wal-Mart is well equipped with technological innovations like POS, store performance tracking, real time market research, satellite system and UPC. Wal-Mart procurement measures like hard-nosed negotiations, partnerships with some vendors, centralized buying, planning packets, etc. helps at large the cause of providing the goods and services on cheap prices. The other factors that increase the margin of profit for Wal-Mart are inbound logistics with frequent replenishment, automated DCs cross docking, pick to flight, EDI, hub and spoke system. Wal-Mart strategy of operation is innovative with big stores in small towns with monopoly in the market at low rental costs, local prices, concentric expansion, merchandising in brand name, private labels, little space for inventory, store within store, etc. In relation to marketing and sales, merchandising is tailored from locals, spent less on advertising and the prices are fixed low and it depends on the store manager to fix the latitude of pricing. All the above factors combined together form the key components of Wal-Mart which not only increase the margin of profits through bulk sales but also boost the confidence of the customers with services like point of sale information system and everyday low prices. TASK 1.B: WHO ARE THE MAJOR STAKEHOLDERS OF YOUR ORGANIZATION AND WHAT CONSIDERATIONS SHOULD BE MADE TO ENSURE THEIR (STAKEHOLDER) PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY Stakeholder Analysis of Wal-Mart In determining the public affairs strategy of Wal-Mart, there are many groups and individuals who have a stake in what Wal-Mart does. These stakeholders can be divided into two groups: the market and non-market stakeholders. The market stakeholders are those groups and individuals who have an economic stake in what the company does. The non-market stakeholders are those groups and individuals who have a non-economic stake or political stake in what course the company takes. Market Stakeholders 1. The Stockholders The first group that has an economic stake in what Wal-Mart does is its shareholders. These are the people who actually own shares of Wal-Mart and therefore are interesting in seeing a return on their investment. They hope the value of their stock will rise and they will see dividends. According to the 2001 Annual Report, last year, Wal-Mart paid out $.24 per share in dividends (Annual Report 2001, 45). 2. The Wal-Mart Executives The top executives of Wal-Mart also have an economic stake in the company just as the regular stockholders do. Many of the top executives received stock options are part of their salary. Obviously, they want their stock value to rise because a large part of their compensation comes from how well the Wal-Mart stock is doing. 3. The Employees While some of the employees may have stock in the company, many of them have an economic stake in the company just because their job is their primary source of income. They want Wal-Mart to do well because then they will keep their job and their source of income. Their financial compensation from Wal-Mart sustains them. Wal-Mart employs more than 885,000 people nationwide (Reid, 1) 4. The Communities where Wal-Mart is located Each of the communities that have a Wal-Mart located in it has a stake in how well the company is doing. Many of these communities rely on Wal-Mart not only for jobs but also for a place to purchase many of their day to day necessities are a low price. Without Wal-Mart in these communities, there would be people without jobs and families paying higher prices for the goods that they need. 5. Consumers Consumers have a stake in how well Wal-Mart is doing. According to the 2001 Annual Report, Wal-Mart is the countrys largest grocery retailer (Annual Report 2001, 7) and therefore many people rely on Wal-Mart for their groceries. 6. Non-profit Organizations Many non-profit organizations have an economic or market stake in how well Wal-Mart is doing. The Wal-Mart foundation provides many non-profit organizations with funding and if the company is not doing well, the Foundation is not going to do as well either. According the Wal-Mart Good Works Foundation, 97 percent of their funding goes to non-profit organizations in the communities where their stores are located. The Wal-Mart Good Works Foundation provides funding to programs that deal with community, education, environment and children. Therefore, if a Wal-Mart is located in a certain community, the non-profit organizations can look to the Wal-Mart foundation as a possible source of funding. (www.walmartfoundation.org) 7. Other Retailers Other retailers have a stake in how well Wal-Mart is doing and how much they are expanding. If a Wal-Mart moves into a community, changes are the other retailers in that community, especially if they are privately owned are going to lose money and may even be forced to close down. Because Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the United States and number 1 on the Fortune 500 list, they have the ability to lower their prices and therefore can force other retailers out of business because they cannot match Wal-Marts low prices. 8. Online Retailers Like other retailers in communities where there is a Wal-Mart, online retailers also have a stake in how well Wal-Mart is doing. Wal-Mart totally revamped their website in 2000 in order to make it a more profitable part of their retail empire. Wal-Mart, unlike many other e-tailers closed down their website in September 2000 in order to revamp their site. While Wal-Marts online sales only represent a small portion of their overall sales, the website is a low cost way for Wal-Mart to deliver goods to consumer who lives in communities without Wal-Mart stores. (Business Week 11/6/00,2). 9. Gasoline Retailers In 1996, Wal-Mart made its first partnership with the gasoline industry. Today, Wal-Mart has contracts with companies such as Murphy Oil USA, Sunoco, and Tesoro Petroleum. Wal-Mart contracts with these companies and leases real estate on their lots in order for the company to offer gasoline at Wal-Mart stores. Both the oil companies who have contracts with Wal-Mart and local gas stations have a stake in this. The local gas stations often cannot compete with Wal-Mart in either price or convenience. Over the next year, the oil companies that contract with Wal-Mart plan to expand to offer cheap gasoline at more Wal-Mart locations. For example, Murphy plans to expand to 600 Wal-Mart sites by 2003 and the other gas retailers have similar plans. (Reid, 5) Non-Market Stakeholders 1. Labor Unions Labor unions have a political stake in Wal-Mart has a strict policy about not having their workers unionized. Wal-Mart takes the position that they are better able to take care of their employees and provide them with the best benefits and compensation plans. Wal-Mart does not want interference from unions. Recently, Wal-Mart was charged by the National Labor Relations Board with violating federal law by keeping employees from holding elections and joining the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union. (NY Times, C2) 2. International Retail Stores One of Wal-Marts key policy issues has been to move into the international retail market and open stores in other countries. Last year, Wal-Marts International Divisions sales increased by 41 percent (Troy, 47). Currently, Wal-Mart has stores in Chine, Korea, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, Canada and Mexico (Thau, 9). Wal-Mart must work closely with Public Relations firms in those countries in order to make sure there is no backlash against them moving into other countries. They must also be careful to follow the laws of each of those countries when they open new stores. Wal-Mart has been careful in moving into the international markets. They have acquired companies already well established in those countries and have made sure that 90 percent of their international products are locally sourced (Thau, 9). 3. Politicians Politicians have a non-market stake in Wal-Mart for several reasons. First of all, politicians may or may not want Wal-Mart opening in their district. On one hand, it may be good for the community. However, if it is a district with a large union presence, the politician may not want Wal-Mart is that area. Also, politicians may rely on Wal-Mart for campaign funding. Last cycle, Wal-Marts political action committee, Wal-Mart Stores Inc PAC for Responsible Government contributed $752,500 to various committees and candidates during the 2001 cycle. TASK 1.C: WHAT ARE THE KEY CRITERIA THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN REVIEWING MANAGEMENT STRATEGY OPTIONS? Key Points to make Planning Effective 1. The Success of planning depends upon the effectiveness with which the forecast has been made. If the forecast is accurate, there is every possibility that the plan will be success. 2. Flexibility must be introduced in the plan whenever necessary so that the employees can work with sustained interest and effort. The management shall not use pressure tactics and force employees to work for the sake of attaining the daily or weekly targets. 3. All the members concerned with the organization must be involved in the task of preparing the plan. The viewpoints of the employees, who are actually going to perform the tasks, must be secured and their ideas may be incorporated in the plans, if found suitable. 4. The plan should not be prepared to focus on the financial goals of the business alone. It must have something for the employees. There must be some provision in the plan to reward efficient workers. Some inducement is necessary in the plan to motivate the employees to work harder. 5. The plan must be realistic. It should take into account the capabilities of both the managers and the employees. Both shall not be required to work beyond their capacity. In other words, the plan must not expect too much out of every person. 6. The plan must be communicated effectively to all the subordinate staff. Their consent may also be obtained. The successful implementation of the plan depends on the extent to which subordinates participate willingly in the performance of the tasks. 7. A co-ordinated effort on the effort on the part of every department is required for the success of the plan. To achieve this, the departments concerned shall work with proper understanding. Additional steps that can be followed to avoid obstacles in planning. (There should be no ambiguity in the objectives that are laid out. They must be clear and achievable. Use of information should be put in place. Management Information System can be used. Managers should sport a dynamic outlook and they should have that mindset of moving towards achieving the objectives All plans designed can have some amount of flexibility built into it. All resourcing required for the plan should be done upfront leaving on surprises at the end. The importance of having a Cost-Benefit analysis cannot be ruled out. This must be done. TASK 1.D: DESCRIBE A SITUATION WITH YOUR CHOSEN ORGANIZATION WHERE A POTENTIAL STRATEGY MIGHT BE DEVELOPED TO RESOLVE AN ISSUE. PRODUCE AN APPROPRIATE STRATEGY AND INDICATE ITS RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS. A strategic goal of Wal-Mart is to expand. It has done so successfully. Looking at the facts and figures clearly shows the corporations dominance and power. Currently the corporation employs over 1.3 million employees, one million in the US alone. The company owns over 4000 stores worldwide. Over 1,200 units (stores) are in operation internationally. Domestically, Wal-Mart is the largest US retailer, employing around 1 million people. It has over 3,000 stores and outlets, and 77 distribution centers. The company serves more than 100 million customers weekly in all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and several nations around the world. (www.walmart.com, Fact Sheet Wal-Mart at a Glance, 2002). Internationally, the retailer operates in Mexico, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, China, Korea, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Its expansion strategy internationally has been aggressive and powerful. The latest expansion strategy is for the company to gain entry into a nation by corporate takeover of a national retailer. Once the company is bought, Wal-Mart converts the stores into Wal-Mart stores. Three countries, all with no previous Wal-Mart stores, became part of the corporations international presence when domestic retail chains were overtaken. In 1994, Wal-Mart bought 122 Woolco stores in Canada; today there are 196 units in Canada. In 1998 Wal-Mart bought the Wertkauf store with 21 units, now there are 94 Wal-Marts in Germany. In 1999, Wal-Mart acquired the ASDA chain with 229 units in the UK. Today, the UK has 252 Wal-Mart stores. (www.walmart.com, Fact Sheet on International Operations, 2002) This particular strategy, of corporate takeover, puts the company at an advantage when it enters into a new market. In one stroke, a large competitor is eliminated, and at once, Wal-Mart has real estate and employees, and a massive presence in its targeted location. This is an effective use of the companys size and wealth, as few if any competitors are able to do this effectively. The company builds up brand familiarity, while retaining the old familiar outlets. Gradually, as the local Wal-Mart stores begin to make money, and local management assess their competition environment, the company begins to redesign the acquired stores to look like Wal-Marts, it then begins to build new and larger stores in that new market. Wal-Mart is now the largest retailer in Canada and the UK. TASK 2: DEVELOP VISION, MISSION, OBJECTIVES AND MEASURES TASK 2.A: FOR YOUR CHOSEN ORGANIZATION, LIST THE DOWN ITS ETHICAL, CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND BUSINESS OBJECTIVES. HOW ARE THESE INFLUENCED BY THE CURRENT BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC CLIMATE Visioning Creating shared understanding of future possibilities A strategic vision is usually thought to be solely future oriented. A vision provides an organization a forward looking, idealized image of itself. Moves outside the usual assumptions. Concentrates on the end goal, not the means to reach the goal. Followers gain ownership by developing the means (action plan). An alternate view from the field of organizational learning expands this to shared vision, which also includes a present component. Vision is not a destination, but an intangible structure that surrounds us and guides our daily activities. From this perspective, a shared vision is a form of self-identity. This definition of vision is a collective belief in what the organization can become. In this way it is similar to a truly desired wish for the future. The difference, however, is in how we mold ourselves to adapt to the environment without expecting to be able to change the environment itself. Yes, there is an implicit assumption about the future. However, if the vision is sufficiently broad it will suffice for providing a framework for current decisions. Granted, all decisions are made in the present. Yet, to work toward something grander than the present employs some probability of future outcomes upon which to make decisions, all other things being equal. Regarding feedback loops for control, such feedback can be employed for both corrective action and vision revision (interesting combination of words). If the feedback indicates a problem in the implementation and nothing amiss in the expected vision then the strategy and/or tactics can be altered to get back on track toward the vision. And if there is an indication that the vision is no longer realistic there is no problem with a shift in vision to a more workable vision. Normal planning cycles allow for such a step on an annual basis, which is probably too long for planning within a dynamic environment. But this gets back to the dynamics of the planning process itself. This approach to using feedback is similar to the use of a tracking ratio to serve as a warning system for a forecast that is no longer adequate to the current reality. Implications What is unique about the organizations self-concept of itself? Something that would be missed if the organization were not to fulfill this vision. What issues might arise among different stakeholders as this vision is realized? Are organizational practices aligned with the vision? Are desired actions reinforced by performance metrics? Putting an organization mission vision in place requires working at all levels of the organization. Oftentimes, the effort is only made at the top of the organization with the expectation that employee commitment will follow. Instead, limited compliance is accomplished, at best. It is recommended that a specific change program be put in place to develop a shared vision and common understanding of the groups mission. Mission The mission is the ultimate purpose for why the organization exists. Essential components of a good mission statement include: Brief and easily understood by everyone. What goods and services (beyond the basics) For Whom market segmentation (geographic, sociological, financial, ethnically) How market strategy, distribution strategy. Present and future possibilities. Why basic reason the organization exists. Distinctive competency. Driving Forces. Driving Forces Products and/or services offered Market served Technology Low-cost capability Operations capability Method of distribution sale Use of resources Profit (return on resources) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ TASK 2.B: DESCRIBE THE ROLES OF VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT OF YOUR CHOSEN ORGANIZATION The corporate mission can be stated as follows: As Wal-Mart continues to grow into new areas and new mediums, our success will always be attributed to our culture. Whether you walk into a Wal-Mart store in your hometown or one across the country while youre on vacation, you can always be assured youre getting low prices and that genuine customer service youve come to expect from us. Youll feel at home in any department of any storethats our culture. The company has three Basic Beliefs or core philosophies Sam Walton built the company on. Those beliefs are: (1) Respect for the Individual, (2) Service to Our Customers, and (3) to Strive for Excellence. Respecting the individual is a call for treating their employees well and pushing them to excel in what they do. The commitment to their customers is a goal whereby the stores respect a pricing philosophy to always sell items as low as they can while providing excellent customer service. The third belief is to strive for excellence, that is to expand the store, innovate, reach further in to new markets and to grow. (H. Lee Scott, 2002, www.walmart.com) Other beliefs include, exceeding customer expectations with aggressive hospitality such as using door greeters. The store also features patriotic display and themes in its US stores. Another goal for the company is to support efforts in the local community via charitable contributions. Wal-Mart identifies several affiliations with charities such as the United Way and the Childrens Miracle Network (www.walmartfoundation.org). The Sundown Rule is a corporate directive whereby all Wal-Mart employees, be they store associates, management, or corporate staff, must reasonably answer a customers or supplier request or question within 24 hours. The Ten Foot Rule states that store employees must greet, smile, and attend to a customer in a store when within 10 feet of them. Its a type of aggressive hospitality policy. Wal-Mart also compels its staff to engage in morning cheers where they recite company sayings. A final, yet important rule, which is a strong part of the corporate culture is Sam Waltons Pricing Philosophy which underlines the company strategy of selling items for less then their competitors, always. (www.wal-mart.com, corporate culture). TASK 2.C: INDICATE HOW IT IS POSSIBLE FOR AN ORGANIZATION TO EVALUATE THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ITS OBJECTIVES Implementing: Every company will have its own strategy but it is the operation which puts in to practice. You cannot, after all, touch a strategy; you cannot even see it ; all you can see is how the operation behaves in practice. The implication of this role for the operations function is very significant. Support: It must develop its resources to provide the capabilities which are needed to allow the organization to achieve its goals. Example: If a manufacturer of personal computers has decided to compete by being the first in the market with every available new product innovation, then its operations function needs to be capable of copying with the changes which constant innovation will bring. It must develop or purchase processes which are flexible, enough to manufacture novel parts and products. Driving: The third role of the operations part of the business is to drive strategy by giving it a long-term competitive edge. The both short term and long term success can come directly from the operations functions. An operations function which is providing both long and short term advantage is driving business strategy by being the ultimate custodian of competiveness. Effective operations management: Operation plays these roles within the organization can be judged by considering the organizational aims or aspirations function. The model traces the progression of the operations function from which it is largely negative role of stage 1 operations to it becoming the central element of competitive strategy in excellent stage 4 operations. Stage 1: internal neutrality: This is the poorest level of contribution by the operations function. The other functions regard it as holding them back from competing effectively. Even good organizations can be let down by their operations function and the resulting publicity can be damaging. Stage 2: External neutrality: The first of breaking out of stage 1 is for the operations function to begin comparing itself with similar companies or organizations in the outside market. By taking the best ideas and norms of performance from the rest of its industry, it is trying to be externally neutral. Stage 3: Inernally supportive: These operations have probably reached the first division in their market. They may not be better than their competitors on every aspect of operations performance but they are broadly up with the best. Stage 4:externally supportive: The third stage is taken to be as the limit of the operations functions contribution. TASK 3: PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY TASK 3.A: DISCUSS HOW A TIMETABLE FOR STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION CAN BE DETERMINED. INCLUDE A SAMPLE TIMETABLE, TO INCLUDE KEY MILESTONES AND THEIR TIMINGS As an example, let us take the strategic planning and implementation of a university learning programs. Following is a sample table that gives detailed timeline in achieving a specific strategic goal that have been set. [pic] TASK 3.B: HOW MIGHT THE DISSEMINATION PROCESS BE USED TO HELP AN ORGANIZATION GAIN COMMITMENT TO ITS STRATEGY AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS Ten Elements of an Effective Dissemination Plan After you have developed your dissemination policy statements, you are ready to turn your attention to more specific dissemination planning. Remember that your dissemination planning should start at the beginning of your research activities, not at the end. While some details of the dissemination effort will be suggested in your original proposal and refined as you progress through your research, your dissemination plan goals and objectives should be clarified at the beginning of your research project in consultation with your NIDRR project officer. This approach will allow you to meet your dissemination challenge in a timely manner. 1. Goals: Determine and document the goals of your dissemination effort for your proposed project. 2. Objectives: Associate each goal with one or more objectives that clarifies what you are trying to accomplish through your dissemination activities. 3. Users: Describe the scope and characteristics of the potential users that your dissemination activities are designed to reach for each of your objectives. 4. Content: Identify, at least, the basic elements of the projected content you have to disseminate to each of the potential user groups identified. 5. Source(s): Identify the primary source or sources that each potential user group is already tied into or most respects as an information source. Consider ways to partner with these sources in your dissemination efforts. 6. Medium: Describe the medium or media through which the content of your message can best be best delivered to your potential users and describe the capabilities and resources that will be required of potential users to access the content for each medium to be used. 7. Success: Describe how you will know if your dissemination activities have been successful. If data is to be gathered, describe how, when, and who will gather it. 8. Access: Describe how you will promote access to your information and how you will archive information that may be requested at a later date. Consider that most people will use your project-related information when they perceive a need for it not necessarily when you have completed your research project. 9. Availability: Identify strategies for promoting awareness of the availability of your research-based information and the availability of alternate available formats. 10. Barriers: Identify potential barriers that may interfere with the targeted users access or utilization of your information and develop actions to reduce these barriers. The dissemination and implementation of the strategic plan is a great time to actualize organizational values and improve internal processes. Once a strategic plan is established, the organization must keep a close watch on its progress or the plan and the goals will collect dust. It is usually not enough to meet a few times a year unless there are very few goals or the goals are basically to maintain the status quo. In general, it is best that those responsible plan a regular meeting schedule in order to maintain momentum and discuss issues as they arise. The processes around monitoring the implementation of the plan, disseminating the plan, developing the Action Plan, and so forth should be designed with the organizations values as guiding principles. If possible, they should also incorporate solutions to any other organizational culture issues that were discussed during the strategic planning process. If solutions were not generated, the implementation processes should at least be designed with these issues in mind, with the intention of finding solutions at a point in the near future. A good strategic plan must involve an examination of your organizations values and internal process challenges (every organization has them). Often a strategic plan will expose problems that were hidden. This is a good thing. But only if you take control of them. The Action Plan must include steps to address mismatched organizational values and culture, starting with the implementation process. TASK 3.C: DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANCE OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF A NEW STRATEGY. OUTLINE HOW THIS MIGHT BE ACHIEVED Many strategic plans end up collecting dust on a shelf. Monitoring and evaluating the planning activities and status of implementation of the plan is for many organizations as important as identifying strategic issues and goals. One advantage of monitoring and evaluation is to ensure that the organization is following the direction established during strategic planning phase. Note that plans are guidelines. They arent rules. Its alright to deviate from a plan. But planners should be aware of the reason for the deviations and update the plan to reflect the new direction. Responsibilities for Monitoring and Evaluation The strategic plan document should specify who is responsible for the overall implementation of the plan, and also who is responsible for achieving each goal and objective. The document should also specify who is responsible to monitor the implementation of the plan and made decisions based on the results. For example, the board might expect the chief executive to regularly report to the full board about the status of implementation, including progress toward each of the overall strategic goals. In turn, the chief executive might expect regular status reports from middle managers regarding the status toward their achieving the goals and objectives assigned to them. Key Questions While Monitoring and Evaluating Status of Implementation of the Plan 1. Are goals and objectives being achieved or not? If they are, then acknowledge, reward and communicate the progress. If not, then consider the following questions. 2. Will the goals be achieved according to the timelines specified in the plan? If not, then why? 3. Should the deadlines for completion be changed (be careful about making these changes know why efforts are behind schedule before times are changed)? 4. Do personnel have adequate res

Romanticism and Delacroix

Eugene Dielectric's Contributions to Romanticism Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delicacies was a French artist, best known for his significant contributions to the Romantic Movement during the early sass. Throughout his career as an artist, Delicacies has produced over 9,000 art works. As such the thesis for this paper will focus on acknowledging Eugene Dielectric's influence and contributions to Romanticism. Delicacies was born in Charleston-SST. Maurice, near Paris on April 1798. His father, Charles Delicacies died in 1805, followed by his mother in 1814, leaving the 16-years- old Delicacies an orphan.Arguably, having lost both parent's at such an early age might have had an affect on his personal style. His themes were rather dark, creating a sense of supernatural mood. Moreover he did not present life as beautiful or pretty, but rather in a mysterious and sinister manner. In 1815, Delicacies attended the school of fine arts in Paris and began training with Pierre-Narcosis Gu ©rain in the neoclassical style. However, he became strongly influenced by the more rich and colorful style of earlier artists like Peter Paul Rueben and Paolo Everyone.Such a style emphasized more on color and movement rather Han clear outline and strict form, which later became known as the Romantic style. Although Delicacies has produced numerous extravagant works during this period of time, it was not until 1830 in which he came up with his best known and perhaps most influential work, ‘Liberty Leading the People'. Partly inspired by The ©adore G ©racialist's Raft of the Medusa, Liberty Leading the People was considered as Dielectric's significant step in his romantic work.The painting clearly confirms the differences between the romantic style of painting, which emphasized color and spirit, and the neoclassical style, which emphasized line and form. In addition, symbolically, Delicacies portrayed Liberty as both a depiction of goddess, and a normal yet strong and determined wo man of the people. This idea was rather new and was widely criticized at the time. Another point to acknowledge is that Delicacies chose a woman to represent liberty and freedom.This may be explained by the role of women at the time, whereby a woman is basically viewed as a piece of property to a man, they have no say or opinion in any matters. Therefore, since Liberty Leading the People was initially painted to commemorate the July Revolution in 1830, which peopled Charles X of France. The metaphor of a woman trying to break free from traditional norms reflects how the French people broke away and overthrew the monarchy. The painting has been regarded as a milestone in history, marking the end to the French Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, and the beginning of the Romantic era.Later in 1832, Delicacies Journeyed to Spain and North Africa. The main purpose of his visit was not to study art, but to escape from the civilization of Paris, seeking a closer place to nature and in hope of seeing a different culture. During his travel, Delicacies became more interested in using animals as his subjects of painting (â€Å"Arab Horses Fighting in a Stable† and â€Å"The Lion Hunt†). Displaying the raw energy and power of these animals helped in the expression of Romanticism. Later in his life, Delicacies received many commissions from government in Paris.Some of his assignments included ; decorating the King's Chamber in Appall Bourbon, library of Chamber De Deputes, and the Chamber des Paris, as well as, the Chapel of Holy Sacrament at Saint-Denis. These assignments gave him the opportunity to follow n the footsteps of those artists he admired (Everyone, Tinderbox, and Rueben), by being able to paint on a very large scale. During this time, Delicacies was able to experiment with various surfaces and shapes: domes, ceilings, semi domes, pilasters, etc. Enabling him to further exercise his imagination. However, due to the hard work and a weakening h ealth condition, Delicacies became ill and eventually died in 1863, leaving a grand total of 9,149 works. In conclusion, it is undeniable the importance of the role that Eugene Delicacies had played in the Romantic Movement. Delicacies had the courage to challenge the norms f the neoclassical style and was able to enhance and perfect the Romantic style amidst the negative controversies from the old-school critics.Furthermore, his passion for the exotic and the unconventional, which led him venturing into places like Morocco, eventually became an inspiration for the Symbolist movement. All in all, Dielectric's untamed expression of energy, and movement in his works; coupled with his obsession with violent, destruction, and the tragedy of life; and his unique selection of vivid colors have made him one of the most fascinating and complex artistic figures in all of art's history.

Arsa

Spiegel Online Economics Edgar Atukeren MBA SBS (Swiss Business School) Alex Rau, Daria Revanchenkova, Arsa Grgurevic Table of Content: 1 Background 2 Assignment 3 Interactive Classified Advertising in Germany 4 Choosing the right segments 5 Business Idea and Concept 6 Competition 7 Financial Projections 8 The Problem 9 Possible Solutions 10 Conclusion 11 Recommendations and Lesson Learned Background Spiegel Online is one of the leading news Web sites in Germany and other German speaking countries, as Austria and Switzerland.It is a part of a Spiegel Group, publisher of several print products in addition to Der Spiegel and producer of the Spiegel TV Magazine. The Spiegel Group was also active in television film production. It took first steps toward internationalization by English-language editions of Spiegel special and the monthly publication of magazines in Hungary and Poland. In 2005 the Spiegel Group had more than 1,400 employees. Total revenues of the Spiegel Group were approxi mately around 322 million euro, of which Spiegel Online contributed 15 million euro. 0% of revenues resulted from online advertising, making this the most important source of income for Spiegel Online. The webpage is covering various topics as politics, business, panorama, arts, science, education, entertainment, sports, and travel. Spiegel is also a major contributor to the Hamburg Media School. It organized as a public-private partnership and offers MBA in Media Management, film, and journalism. In their second year, MBA students typically engaged in consulting projects with major media companies. Assignment This year the students must research on 2 questions: ) Were there any chances for an economically successful entry into the market for interactive classifieds? 2) What would the business model look like in detail? They had only 2 restrictions: anything in the adult segment was seen as inappropriate and the budget will be limited. The student team split their analysis into four steps: * Research of market volume and growth * Analyses of possible competitors * Selection of lucrative niches * Development of adequate concepts Interactive Classified Advertising in Germany The interactive advertising in Germany is based on offering space for classified ads for other companies.There are approximately 20,500 Web sites, which are doing that and they generate around 4 percent of all online revenues. Online services had gradually replaced newspapers and magazines in the classifieds segment. There are 3 most important interactive segments nowadays: * Automotive (which cover 1/3 of all customers looking for a car) * Real estate (200 billion euro are generated per year) * Job advertisement (30% of jobs are found online) Choosing the right segments Spiegel Online is following a brand new strategy: horizontal integration into a new market (interactive ads). The company decided to expand and cover new arket, which can generate additional revenue for the company. As autom otive, real estate, and jobs interactive segments are already dominated by large competitors, Spiegel Online needs to interfere in the industry, by carefully choosing the segments, which are the most profitable ones. So it decided to concentrate on high quality standards and products that matched the image of Spiegel and chose high-quality cars, high- paying jobs and art objects. Spiegel Online Art Platform The team prepared a full business plan on each of the three market segments. The automotive and job segments seemed to be generally profitable and growing.Art, on the other hand, promised to be an interesting niche that had not yet been covered by any well-known company. Competition Most Web sites were positioned in the upper price segment. Serve as a marketing and sales tool for high-value objects. In the lower price segment, Web sites are mostly created by amateurs and hobby artists. These Web sites did not attract large audiences. The online art market had received some attent ion from investors and media companies (Example Burda-photo gallery Lumas). Opportunity for Spiegel online is to create platform in the middle and lower price segment.Business Idea and Concept The concept consisted of two integrated parts for the Spiegel online users interested in the arts: a selling platform and a community platform. Art platform Core to the Spiegel Online art platform was the sales platform. The sales platform homepage would lead to all art objects up for sale. A search engine would allow sorting objects by price, style, size, artist†¦ Navigation menu would allow quick access to additional site functions. The home page would also include a voting area. Community The Virtual Art Gallery could be customized, like MySpace. Users can create their own profiles.The profile included a virtual walk-through to gallery. Artist and galleries could use the Virtual Art Gallery as a marketing tool. Target group The Spiegel Online art platform addressed two target groups: f irst, people interested in art, and second, artist and galleries. Consumer benefits For buyers: low-risk playing field, moderate prices, high transparency, users don’t need specialized knowledge. For sellers: Low entry barriers, low sellers fees, attractive for young unknown artists. Benefits for Spiegel online Monetary: New revenues by commissions, insertion fees, and shop sales. Non-monetary: Parent brand, high-quality image.

Physics and Albert MIchelesen essays

Physics and Albert MIchelesen essays ysics is a powerful word- this single word embodies everything that the universe encompasses- and everything even beyond this point. Excelling in the field of optics and broaching the topic of light, Albert Michelsen was a man who had made an important mark in this area that would make an everlasting impression in the world of physics. During Michelsens long career, he was able to explore the world of physics with a greater depth, due to the abundance of knowledge he had received in the area of physics by both learning and teaching it in his career- he initiated his career as earning the position as an instructor in physics and chemistry at the Academy. Later, in 1879, Michelsen was posted to the Nautical Almanac Office, Washington. He also visited the Universities of Berlin, Heidelberg, College de France and Ecole Polytechnique. In 1883 Michelsen returned to America and became a professor of physics in the Case School of Applied Science. In 1890 he accepted a similar position at Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts and in the year1892, Michelsen became the highly prestigious and distinguished role of the Professor of Physics and the first Head of Department at the new University of Chicago (nobel.se/physics/laureates/1907/michelson-bio.html). During his lifetime, Michelsen accomplished a great deal in the physics world. Michelsen contributed a great deal in the area of optics, experimenting with some rather crude, but respectable versions, at that time, of approximating the speed of light (Gary Waldman, Introduction to light: the physics of light, vision, and color, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1983, p. 221). These rough sketches led to the invention of a new apparatus- the interferometer. This device was designed to split a single beam of light into two different beams of light. After the divergence has both beams in two lines, perpendicular to one another, they are brought back together onc...

Crime Myths and Facts Essay Example

Crime Myths and Facts Essay Example Crime Myths and Facts Paper Crime Myths and Facts Paper One problem that has been plaguing societies throughout history is crime. The following essay will provide discussion on the topic and contrast crime myths and Even contemporary society Is struggling to come to fair terms about effects of crime on society and Individuals, fair and effective law enforcement and Judiciary systems, educative corrections system and proactive and effective crime prevention. This assignment will focus on comparison and contrast between crime myths and crime facts, as an example using myths about crime and youth gangs and crime and mentally ill. Starting point for discussion is to examine the definitions of relevant terms. Crime and Justice: A Guide to Criminology defines crime in two ways, dictionary definition as 1. An act committed or an omission of duty, injurious to the public welfare, for which punishment is prescribed by law, imposed in a Judicial proceedings usually brought in the name of state 2. Serious violation of human law: steeped In crime 3. Any offence, esp. on of grave character 4. Serious wrongdoing; sin 5. Lolls a foolish or senseless act: a crime to work that or a legal definition as intentional violation of the criminal law committed thou excuse and penalized by 2006, p. 5) Media has played an important role in portrayal of crime and crime like activities in society. Ericson, Barrage and Chain (1987, p. 50) have noted that one of historic obligations of the media is to entertain. This obligation is directly related to the need to fulfill the demands of audiences, which in turn are used to increase markets and expand revenues from advertising. Crime, deviance and control items have served these commercial needs of the news media. Rawlins (1998, p. 346) argued that In the less accessible areas of society, these media representations become an imperative and often only enter?f?Owe to reality of which few of the general public have immediate knowledge. Through sensationalist crime reporting in media, crime myths were embedded in main frame society (Rawlins 1998, p. 346). One of wide spread myths is the term As mentioned by Polk (1995, p. 0) media have popularized the idea of youth gang violence in Melbourne, one report quoting forensic specialist as being concerned that Victoria was towards becoming a state of warring She states that in Australia, stories appear in the press of attacks on the elderly by teenage offender. However, the empirical data paints quite deferent picture. In relation to youth gang activity the Australian Bureau of Criminal Intelligence (ABACI 1991 ) research confirmed the unjustifiable nature of media generalizations In relation to youth gangs. Furthermore, the most significant ABACI finding was that vast proportion AT crime committee Is AT opportunistic In nature, ratter tan mainly organized. A study conducted by Impair and Warren (1994, p. 43) went even further declaring that there is?C,-1?0 a distinct absence of internal structure and criminal purpose among most groups of male The most important empirical evidence in contrast to popular youth gang myth is the Standing Committee on Social Issues (1995) research which found no evidence of highly structured gang existence in Australia and indeed was disputing relevance of the term to Australian youth activity. Another myth in general community is relation between youth and violence. We can see from police arrest data for Victoria (Victoria Police 1993) for 1991-1992 year that there were some crimes where youth played a significant role. As we can see from Table 1, these tend to be property crimes, theft and vehicle theft. These findings re reinforced by ABACI (1991) findings which found that youth illegal activities revolved around anti-social behavior and low-level property crime. When it comes to crimes of violence, however, the picture is quite different where 21 per cent of robbery offenders, 11 per cent of minor assaults offenders, 12 per cent of rape offenders, 10 per cent of serious assaults offenders and Just 5 per cent of homicide offenders were Juvenile. The general conclusion that we can draw from these figures is that violent crime is most likely to involve persons aged 18 and over. Table 1 Percentage of Offenders Under the Age of 17 Proceeded Against by Offence, 1991-92, Victoria Offence Homicide Serious Assault Percentage Young Offenders Minor Assault Robbery Burglary Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Fraudulent Offences 5 10 11 21 29 28 4 Source: Victoria Police 1993. If we pose the question whether there is a growing tide of youth crime, again, contrary to popular opinion, answer is negative. Police arrest data from Victoria over the ten-year period from 1982 to 1992 clearly shows there is no increase in the proportion of offences made up of Juveniles. This has been present at least since the time of the ancient Greeks and across a wide range of cultures. In recent times, this belief has been influenced by he media and television programmed, which, it is estimated, link mental illness to violence between 62-86% of the time. High-profile killings by people with a serious mental illness are given wide coverage in the press, creating an impression that the general pubic is at danger from unsupervised violent mentally ill persons living in the community. Although homicide perpetrated by someone suffering from a serious mental illness is rare compared with the total number of people with mental illness living ordinary lives, such tragedies attract intense media and public scrutiny. Public once Is raises Day a construction AT mental Illness as dangerous In ten meal portrayals. However, whether it is true that the rate of homicide committed by people with serious mental illness is increasing, either in absolute terms or as a proportion of total homicide in the community, is unclear (Simpson, 2003). One of the most important research projects in this area has been conducted by Taylor and Gun (1999) in which they examined data on homicides committed in England and Wales between 1957-1995 and concluded that there was little fluctuation in numbers of people with a mental illness committing criminal homicide ever the 38 years studied, and a 3% annual decline in their contribution to the official statistics and that the general public were at lower risk from offenders with mental illness than from non-mentally ill offenders. In relation to people with in the community, they conclude that is no evidence that it is anything but assisting to claim that their living in the community is a dangerous experiment that should be (Taylor and Gun, 1999). When people generally think of crime, it is usually about offences such as murder, robbery or burglary. If they are asked to describe the criminal, many would provide ascription of untrustworthy, shifty demeanor, maybe uneducated or unemployed person. However, many theorists would argue that mainstream criminologists are wrong when they are mainly focusing on conventional street crime or youth offending. According to the Sutton and Haines (2006, up. 155-170), white-collar crimes are far more devastating than those normally associated with criminal violations. White-collar crimes are certainly punishable by law; however, they are generally regarded by the courts and by sections of the general public as much less reprehensible than crimes usually punished by the courts.

Risk and Return Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk and Return Relationship - Essay Example The essay "Risk and Return Relationship" talks about the characteristics that can influence risk as the probability of losing anything of value or uncertainty of a result. This paper also analyzes the risk and return relationship which is fundamental to the potential investment decisions. The risk is an outcome of those actions which are taken regardless of uncertainty. The characteristics that can control or influence risks are as follows: Using debt: Using debt in the business increases the chances of risk bear by shareholders, but it also results in the higher rate of returns. Optimal capital structure: Making use of optimal or most favorable capital structure balances the pressure or influence of risk and maximizes the stock price of the company. Aggressive management: Risk can be influenced by the aggressive management. The aggressive managers of the firm are more prone to utilize debt in order to increase profit. The relationship between risk and return is fundamental to the investment decisions, whether assessing a sole investment or selecting between different investments. Potential investors evaluate the relationship between risk and return when they have to make a decision regarding investment in securities like bonds or shares. It has been discovered that there is a positive connection between the risk and return. The securities which are riskier provide a greater return. However, Bowman found that there is a distinct and significant negative relationship between risk and return.

Pope Rebuking Priest Using Several Modern Day Christian Thinkers Essay

Pope Rebuking Priest Using Several Modern Day Christian Thinkers - Essay Example According to the church history, a lot has changed where there has been emergence of new technology and practices altering the way religious teaching are being done. Pope Paul III has also raised concerns about the modern changes of Christian teachings; he has pointed various modern day Christian thinkers, who have used their new perceptions, ideas and understandings to alter the traditional Christian religious teachings. These characters include Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schleiermacher, Soren Kierkegaard, Pierre Teilhard De Chardin, Rudolph Bultmann, Karl Barth, Karl Rahner, and Dietrich Bohoeffer (Brown). Rogers states that Pope Benedict XVI, who in the past few years has guided the church’s doctrinal agency, delivered his homily in St. Peter’s Basilica during the time that priests recall the swearing they made when ordained (233). He sharply condemned a team of rebellious Austrian priest and laymen for going against major teachings of Catholic Church; this group is of ficially known as Pfarrer initiative and it has posed a lot of challenges to the church on issues such as banning of female priests and priestly celibacy. During a Maundy Thursday gathering in the Vatican, Pope Benedict XVI made a speech that he was not to tolerate disobedience. He was actually referring to the current efforts made by priests in both Austria and Europe of disobeying the church. Speaking from the altar of St. Peter’s Basilica, Benedict said that despite these priests claiming their concerns for the church, they are influenced by their own ideas and preferences to create desperate actions for changing the church, and that they should instead be turned into radicalism of obedience. In the year 2006, a team of Austrian priest opened the Pfarrer initiative led by Rev.Helmut Schuller; the former leader of a Catholic aid organization, with the intentions for calling for disobedience. Their aim was to abolish priestly celibacy and opening clergy to women in order to relieve priest shortages. However, according to Italian news reports, together with priest across Europe and United states, the Pfarrer initiative claims to acquire more than 300 Austrian priest and deacons together with supporters in other nations. Its influence has therefore increased to such an extent that Vatican officials met with superior Austrian bishops with an aim of discussing on how to handle them. Benedict also mentioned that in June the same year, about 2000 Austria’s priests in the initiative, had essentially threatened a schism, claiming that Vatican’s refusal to consider their protests left them with no option but to follow their conscience and take action independently. These priests made a revised call to disobedience, stating that parishes were capable of celebrating Eucharistic services in absence of priest and that they would make public speech about female and married priesthood. Benedict rejects the dissident’s idea, made during the second Vatican committee, of fossilizing the church and reviews that on the contrary; the development of new religious society in recent decade illustrated the vitality and true rejuvenation of the church by the 1962 to 1965 Vatican II. Benedict’s message is one of the greatest – and most straight- speeches that have mostly been dominated by a scandal of sexual abuse, Vatican hierarchy in disarray and recurring tangles with other faiths. It also has made Benedict discover who has